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2000issue C061-4

A daily long-only confirmation stack on the tether line

A mechanical-long-procedure treats the 50-period tether-line as both the long trigger and the trailing-tether-stop. A buy is considered only when the volume-oscillator is positive and mbo is improving, after which a company-level fundamental review is still required.

  • The mechanical-long-procedure is built to keep a long open through an extended favorable move and to close it when the rules say the move has failed, without trying to locate tops or bottoms.
  • A close above the tether-line is the long trigger and a close below it is the exit, so the same 50-period midpoint is the trailing-tether-stop while the position is open.
  • Because the midpoint crossover alone is shown to produce repeated whipsaws, a long is considered only when the volume-oscillator is positive and today’s mbo exceeds yesterday’s.
  • The rules are specified for end-of-day long equity trades in large-cap index members only, not for futures, fixed-income instruments, short sales, or other bar lengths.
Entries in this reading3 entries

One procedure for entry, hold, and exit

The archive describes a mechanical-long-procedure for end-of-day long equity trades. It is built to keep a long open through an extended favorable move and to close it as soon as the rules say the move has failed, without trying to locate tops or bottoms.

The core price line is the tether-line: half the sum of the highest high and lowest low of the last 50 periods. Prices are described as clustering around that midpoint and returning to it. A close crossing above the tether-line is the long trigger. A close crossing below it is the long exit. After a long is open, the same line is the trailing-tether-stop: hold while the close stays above it and leave when the close crosses below.

Compaq daily price against the 50-period tether line

Compaq’s daily bars from spring 1997 through early 2000 repeatedly leave and return to a 50-day high-low midpoint. A close through that tether is the long trigger; a close back under it is the trailing exit. The points were read off the published MetaStock plot, not from a numeric table, so they are approximate monthly samples of the daily series.
Compaq’s daily bars from spring 1997 through early 2000 repeatedly leave and return to a 50-day high-low midpoint. A close through that tether is the long trigger; a close back under it is the trailing exit. The points were read off the published MetaStock plot, not from a numeric table, so they are approximate monthly samples of the daily series.Compaq Computer · daily · 1997-03-01T00:00:00.000Z to 2000-03-31T00:00:00.000Z

Tether = (50-day highest high + 50-day lowest low) / 2. Sampled about once a month from the daily Compaq screenshot; the quote bar on that plot prints a last close of 28.75 against a 29.6875 tether.

Why the tether-line needs confirmation

The midpoint crossover by itself is shown to produce repeated whipsaws, so extra filters are required before a buy is taken.

The volume-oscillator is a seven-period simple average of volume signed by the open-to-close relationship. Volume is signed positive when the close is above the open, negative when the close is below the open, and zero when they are equal. That average must be positive when the close crosses above the tether-line. The signed-volume construction is presented as an on-balance-volume-analogy: accumulate volume according to the direction of the bar. The archive uses this reading only as confirmation of buying pressure, not as a standalone entry.

The third filter is mbo, which subtracts a 200-period simple moving average of the close from a 25-period simple moving average of the close. Today’s value must exceed yesterday’s before a long is considered. That requirement is intended to block entries during volatile swings or consolidation.

After the three mechanical conditions agree, a company-level fundamental review is still required before the long is taken.

Where the rules are specified to apply

The rules are specified for end-of-day long equity trades only. They are not specified for futures, fixed-income instruments, or short sales. Other bar lengths were not tested.

The procedure is applied only to a large-cap equity index membership, on the stated premise that those names trend more consistently than a broader universe.

Educational research material, not investment advice. Historical source context does not establish present-day performance.
34 of 61 in the On-balance volume track
20001-5 pp.Next on On-balance volumeA three-filter tether and volume trend systemA conjunction-entry fires only when a close crosses above the tether line, the volume-oscillator is above zero, and the moving-average spread is rising.
All readings on this track · 61 readings
  1. 1988Cumulative volume trend and 200-session polarity
  2. 1988Three clocks when cumulative volume led price
  3. 1988Payoff index checkpoints for open interest and divergence
  4. 1988Relative strength, stochastics, and on-balance volume as a turning-point stack
  5. 1988Signing volume by open interest change
  6. 1988Case study: weekly on-balance volume with trendlines and a 21-period average
  7. 1988Combining weekly and daily MACD divergences with on-balance volume
  8. 1988Restoring the original tests for market breadth, on-balance volume, and trendlines
  9. 1989Evaluating volume-weighted breadth extremes
  10. 1989Demand oscillator construction with a momentum overlay
  11. 1989Constructing a volume percentage ratio from advance-decline flow
  12. 1990Constructing net positive volume as On-balance volume
  13. 1990Buying-share scale with on-balance volume
  14. 1990Friday-filtered on-balance confirmation lines
  15. 1991Constructing rate-market volume breadth from on-balance volume
  16. 1991Building a breadth composite from on-balance volume breakouts
  17. 1992Constructing a rate-complex volume-breadth index
  18. 1992Constructing a breadth index from on-balance volume
  19. 1992Constructing signed market thrust from issue volume
  20. 1992Constructing indicator phase across averages, volume and bands
  21. 1993Force on-balance volume to agree with itself at slower horizons
  22. 1993Three transforms of market thrust from breadth and volume
  23. 1994Constructing a tick-line momentum oscillator
  24. 1994Constructing a smoothed on-balance tick momentum oscillator
  25. 1994Histogram confirmation and a second-series veto for MACD-family alerts
  26. 1994Constructing a 40-period envelope on on-balance volume
  27. 1996Constructing a matched percent-B volume disparity
  28. 1997Constructing calendar regime overlays and volume-weighted rules
  29. 1997Constructing market thrust from breadth and volume
  30. 1997Constructing on-balance volume as a signed running total
  31. 1997A three-layer construction for a signed volume-force oscillator
  32. 1997Constructing a range-sum volume-force oscillator
  33. 1999On-balance volume confirmation, price-indicator divergence, and bounded exits
  34. 2000A daily long-only confirmation stack on the tether line
  35. 2000A three-filter tether and volume trend system
  36. 2003Constructing finite volume elements as a finite-period money-flow filter
  37. 2003Constructing on-balance volume from signed session volume
  38. 2003On-balance volume as a market-breadth participation ledger
  39. 2003Construct a volatility-adjusted on-balance volume filter before confirming a breakout
  40. 2004Opening and midday ranges as an on-balance-volume breakout case
  41. 2004Constructing a volatility-gated volume-flow measure
  42. 2004Constructing a volume-flow series from on-balance volume
  43. 2004Volume-flow indicator construction from on-balance volume
  44. 2004Volume-flow slope divergence, then separate on-balance-volume and crossover rules
  45. 2004Volume flow and band construction as one inspectable problem
  46. 2004Auditing advance-decline confirmation for scale, horizon, and composition
  47. 2005Bounded market breadth from the Arms index to BRIN
  48. 2006Overnight-hold entry and exit construction
  49. 2007Evaluating Volume-price confirmation versus On-balance volume and MACD
  50. 2009Volume confirmation versus a price advance
  51. 2010Typeahead retrieval of a moving average, on-balance volume, and a stochastic oscillator
  52. 2010Modified volume-price trend and log-price scale alignment
  53. 2010Constructing liquidity accelerometers from advance-decline averages
  54. 2012Failed short cycles as breadth and volume tests
  55. 2016Earnings straddles, implied volatility, and money-flow filters
  56. 2017A volume residual filter and a price projection matrix
  57. 2019Volume-volatility parabola and signed-volume momentum
  58. 2019Separating on-balance volume into breadth and volume
  59. 2020Constructing the obvm signal line
  60. 2020Constructing smoothed on-balance volume with a signal line
  61. 2020Keep neutrality as a first-class input in three-state market data
All 88 readings tagged On-balance volume
Also on On-balance volume5 readings