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2006issue C071-7

Overnight-hold entry and exit construction

This archive article reconstructs an overnight hold as a Rule-based entry procedure: afternoon entry, next-session exit, On-balance volume confirmation on breakdowns, and a Stop-loss order delayed until the first 10-minute range.

  • The construction enters between 1400 and 1545 Eastern time and typically closes the next trading day, often before noon, so the overnight hold is usually open for only two to four hours of session time.
  • A monthly screen for price between $5 and $75, average volume greater than one million, and beta greater than 1.5 builds a watchlist of the 50 highest-beta names, with about a dozen names replaced at each rescreen.
  • Daily scanning starts around 1300 Eastern time and applies hammer, morning-star, and evening-star Rule-based entry filters; a break below support is shortable only when On-balance volume confirms.
  • A default profit limit sits about 3% from the entry-day close, an unused overnight hold is closed at the end of the next session, and an adverse opening gap is exited only if the 0940 Eastern 10-minute extreme is taken out.
Entries in this reading3 entries

Afternoon entry and a short overnight clock

The construction enters in the afternoon session between 1400 and 1545 Eastern time. It typically closes the next trading day, often before noon. The position is held overnight, but it is usually open for only two to four hours of session time.

Daily candidate scanning starts around 1300 Eastern time and favors setups chosen for a high chance of follow-through on the day after entry. Those clocks are the first Rule-based entry constraints.

How the watchlist is rebuilt

A monthly screen keeps names with price between $5 and $75, average volume greater than one million, and beta greater than 1.5. From that screen the primary watchlist is the 50 highest-beta names. About a dozen names are replaced at each rescreen.

Hammer, morning-star, and evening-star filters

The bullish hammer long requires an entry-day hammer longer than the prior candle, near support, and daily stochastic %K (5-3-1) at or below 30. When several hammers appear, above-average entry-day volume and bullish RSI or MACD divergence are preferred.

The morning-star long requires a three-bar sequence of a red close in the lower third, a middle bar that is a doji, a hammer, a spinning-top, or a long-lower-shadow candle, a green close in the upper third, and stochastic %K below 40.

The evening-star short is the inverse three-bar sequence: a green close in the upper third, a middle bar that is a doji, a hammer, or a long-upper-shadow candle, a red close in the lower third, and a corresponding overbought stochastic filter.

On-balance volume on breakdowns

On-balance volume is used as a confirmation signal on breakdown structures. A break below support is treated as a shortable condition only when On-balance volume also confirms the move.

Profit limit, next-session close, and the delayed gap stop

A default profit limit is placed about 3% above the entry-day close for longs, or about 3% below it for shorts. If neither stop nor target is hit, the overnight position is closed at the end of the next session unless it is deliberately converted to a swing hold with a trailing stop.

Adverse opening gaps are not flattened immediately. After 10 minutes the first 10-minute high and low are marked at 0940 Eastern time. The position is exited only if the long's 10-minute low or the short's 10-minute high is taken out. That delayed mark is the Stop-loss order used after an adverse gap.

Educational research material, not investment advice. Historical source context does not establish present-day performance.
48 of 61 in the On-balance volume track
20071-7 pp.Next on On-balance volumeEvaluating Volume-price confirmation versus On-balance volume and MACDEditorial reading: lock trend intensity and price direction first, then ask whether participation agrees.
All readings on this track · 61 readings
  1. 1988Cumulative volume trend and 200-session polarity
  2. 1988Three clocks when cumulative volume led price
  3. 1988Payoff index checkpoints for open interest and divergence
  4. 1988Relative strength, stochastics, and on-balance volume as a turning-point stack
  5. 1988Signing volume by open interest change
  6. 1988Case study: weekly on-balance volume with trendlines and a 21-period average
  7. 1988Combining weekly and daily MACD divergences with on-balance volume
  8. 1988Restoring the original tests for market breadth, on-balance volume, and trendlines
  9. 1989Evaluating volume-weighted breadth extremes
  10. 1989Demand oscillator construction with a momentum overlay
  11. 1989Constructing a volume percentage ratio from advance-decline flow
  12. 1990Constructing net positive volume as On-balance volume
  13. 1990Buying-share scale with on-balance volume
  14. 1990Friday-filtered on-balance confirmation lines
  15. 1991Constructing rate-market volume breadth from on-balance volume
  16. 1991Building a breadth composite from on-balance volume breakouts
  17. 1992Constructing a rate-complex volume-breadth index
  18. 1992Constructing a breadth index from on-balance volume
  19. 1992Constructing signed market thrust from issue volume
  20. 1992Constructing indicator phase across averages, volume and bands
  21. 1993Force on-balance volume to agree with itself at slower horizons
  22. 1993Three transforms of market thrust from breadth and volume
  23. 1994Constructing a tick-line momentum oscillator
  24. 1994Constructing a smoothed on-balance tick momentum oscillator
  25. 1994Histogram confirmation and a second-series veto for MACD-family alerts
  26. 1994Constructing a 40-period envelope on on-balance volume
  27. 1996Constructing a matched percent-B volume disparity
  28. 1997Constructing calendar regime overlays and volume-weighted rules
  29. 1997Constructing market thrust from breadth and volume
  30. 1997Constructing on-balance volume as a signed running total
  31. 1997A three-layer construction for a signed volume-force oscillator
  32. 1997Constructing a range-sum volume-force oscillator
  33. 1999On-balance volume confirmation, price-indicator divergence, and bounded exits
  34. 2000A daily long-only confirmation stack on the tether line
  35. 2000A three-filter tether and volume trend system
  36. 2003Constructing finite volume elements as a finite-period money-flow filter
  37. 2003Constructing on-balance volume from signed session volume
  38. 2003On-balance volume as a market-breadth participation ledger
  39. 2003Construct a volatility-adjusted on-balance volume filter before confirming a breakout
  40. 2004Opening and midday ranges as an on-balance-volume breakout case
  41. 2004Constructing a volatility-gated volume-flow measure
  42. 2004Constructing a volume-flow series from on-balance volume
  43. 2004Volume-flow indicator construction from on-balance volume
  44. 2004Volume-flow slope divergence, then separate on-balance-volume and crossover rules
  45. 2004Volume flow and band construction as one inspectable problem
  46. 2004Auditing advance-decline confirmation for scale, horizon, and composition
  47. 2005Bounded market breadth from the Arms index to BRIN
  48. 2006Overnight-hold entry and exit construction
  49. 2007Evaluating Volume-price confirmation versus On-balance volume and MACD
  50. 2009Volume confirmation versus a price advance
  51. 2010Typeahead retrieval of a moving average, on-balance volume, and a stochastic oscillator
  52. 2010Modified volume-price trend and log-price scale alignment
  53. 2010Constructing liquidity accelerometers from advance-decline averages
  54. 2012Failed short cycles as breadth and volume tests
  55. 2016Earnings straddles, implied volatility, and money-flow filters
  56. 2017A volume residual filter and a price projection matrix
  57. 2019Volume-volatility parabola and signed-volume momentum
  58. 2019Separating on-balance volume into breadth and volume
  59. 2020Constructing the obvm signal line
  60. 2020Constructing smoothed on-balance volume with a signal line
  61. 2020Keep neutrality as a first-class input in three-state market data
All 88 readings tagged On-balance volume
Also on On-balance volume5 readings